Li periodic table4/17/2023 Because of its relative nuclear instability, lithium is less common in the solar system than 25 of the first 32 chemical elements even though its nuclei are very light: it is an exception to the trend that heavier nuclei are less common. The nucleus of the lithium atom verges on instability, since the two stable lithium isotopes found in nature have among the lowest binding energies per nucleon of all stable nuclides. Lithium metal is isolated electrolytically from a mixture of lithium chloride and potassium chloride. Due to its solubility as an ion, it is present in ocean water and is commonly obtained from brines. It does not occur freely in nature, but occurs mainly as pegmatitic minerals, which were once the main source of lithium. It corrodes quickly in air to a dull silvery gray, then black tarnish. Like all alkali metals, lithium is highly reactive and flammable, and must be stored in vacuum, inert atmosphere, or inert liquid such as purified kerosene or mineral oil. Under standard conditions, it is the least dense metal and the least dense solid element. It is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal. Learn more about elements on the periodic table.Lithium (from Greek: λίθος, romanized: lithos, lit.'stone') is a chemical element with the symbol Li and atomic number 3. Lithium soap is used in many commercial lubricants. Like other alkali metals, lithium can be used to create soap.The lithium produces tritium which in turn fuses with the deuterium to release energy. Lithium deuteride was an early consideration for thermonuclear bomb fuel.Lithium carbonate is used in small doses to treat manic depression and bipolar disorders.The first man-made nuclear reaction was the transmutation of lithium into tritium.The largest deposits of lithium containing ore are found in Chile. Lithium is produced by electrolysis of ores containing lithium. Lithium is not found in its elemental form.Lithium is used as an alloy additive to aluminum and magnesium to lower weight and improve strength.Lithium is used extensively in rechargeable batteries.Lithium is added to fireworks to make red sparks. Lithium burns with a bright red color.Lithium is often stored in oil for this reason. Lithium is a shiny, soft metal which reacts violently with water forming a strong corrosive base.Lithium has the lowest density of any metal.It contains 4 neutrons and accounts for 92.41% of all natural lithium. 7.59% of natural lithium contains lithium-6. Lithium-6 is a stable isotope of lithium containing three neutrons. Isotopes ranging from lithium-3 to lithium-12 have been produced in laboratory conditions. Lithium is mostly comprised of two stable isotopes. Other alkali metals like sodium and potassium are commonly found in plants. Name Origin: lithos (Greek for “stone”) Arfwedson named his alkali metal after a stone to reflect its origin. Lithium would not be produced in large quantities until 1855 by German chemist Robert Bunsen and British chemist Augustus Matthiessen. In 1821, English chemist William Brande produced a very small sample of pure lithium, but not enough to make any useful measurements. He attempted to provide a pure sample of the metal by separating the metal using electrolysis, but was not successful. Further investigation showed it contained a substance that acted like an alkali metal but was lighter than sodium. When burned, it gave off a bright red flame. Atomic Mass: IUPAC guidelinesĦ.941 is commonly used for a single valueĮlectron Configuration: 2s 1 (shorthand) or 1s 22s 1 (full)ĭiscovery: Johan August Arfwedson in 1817.Īrfwedson was analyzing petalite ore.
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